The GBT Precision Telescope Control System

摘要

The NRAO Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) is a 100m diameter advanced single dish radio telescope designed for a wide range of astronomical projects with special emphasis on precision imaging. Open-loop adjustments of the active surface, and real-time corrections to pointing and focus on the basis of structural temperatures already allow observations at frequencies up to 50 GHz. Our ultimate goal is to extend the observing frequency limit up to 115 GHz; this will require a two dimensional tracking error better than 1.3", and an rms surface accuracy better than 210 μm. The Precision Telescope Control System project has two main components. One aspect is the continued deployment of appropriate metrology systems, including temperature sensors, inclinometers, laser rangefinders and other devices. An improved control system architecture will harness this measurement capability with the existing servo systems, to deliver the precision operation required. The second aspect is the execution of a series of experiments to identify, understand and correct the residual pointing and surface accuracy errors. These can have multiple causes, many of which depend on variable environmental conditions. A particularly novel approach is to solve simultaneously for gravitational, thermal and wind effects in the development of the telescope pointing and focus tracking models. Our precision temperature sensor system has already allowed us to compensate for thermal gradients in the antenna, which were previously responsible for the largest "non-repeatable" pointing and focus tracking errors. We are currently targetting the effects of wind as the next, currently uncompensated, source of error. In this paper, we will present the results of recent commissioning activities, which will highlight the physical processes that must be mitigated in order to achieve precise operation of a 100m telescope. We will also present an overview of the various metrology systems which will be used to mitigate these effects, allowing effective operation of the GBT at frequencies up to 115 GHz.