WHAT TO DO OR WHAT NOT TO DO?: IDENTIFYING THE CONTENT OF EFFECTIVEFEEDBACK

摘要

While previous research strongly indicates that training feedback is more effective when itrnincludes information about the processes underlying performance, rather than only detailing thernoutcome of leamer actions, there are still many open questions about the content of optimallyrneffective feedback. In particular, there is some disagreement in the literature as to whetherrnprocess-based feedback should focus on a diagnostic critique of the student processes, or simplyrnpresent information about the processes associated with skilled or expert performance. Thisrnresearch investigates the appropriate content of process-based feedback in a complex, dynamic,rnmilitary task. Fuzzy logic was used to abstract pattems from performance data and form the basisrnof process-based feedback. We found that process-based feedback led to significant performancernimprovements, while outcome-based feedback did not, and that diagnostic feedback did not leadrnto greater performance improvement than providing information about expert processes.