Advanced oxidation and artificial recharge: a synergistic hybrid system for removal of organic micropollutants

摘要

Duinwaterbedrijf Zuid-Holland, the water company for The Hague and surroundings, hasan objective of producing drinking water of impeccable quality, particularly with respectto organic micropollutans (OMPs). OMPs are only a minor part of the total naturalorganic matter (NOM) in raw water, posing a challenge in targeting removal of a verysmall, specific part of the NOM, without removing all of the NOM. In addition, OMPsencompass a broad field of physicochemical properties, which make their removal by asingle treatment step difficult. Some OMPs (e.g., chlorinated flame retardants) exhibitlow reactivity during an advanced oxidation process (AOP) while others exhibit lowbiodegradability (e.g., carbamazapine) or low adsorbability (e.g., primidone). Bycombining AOP with artificial recharge and recovery (ARR), two complementaryprocesses are expected to provide a synergistic hybrid system for removal of OMPs,according to the Dutch multiple barrier approach. For optimal synergy, both processesneed to be understood in detail. The focus of this study is to understand the contributionof each individual process, AOP and ARR, towards the overall removal of OMPs.