首页> 外文会议>Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique; 20070128-31; Nashville,TN(US) >Relative Shock and Heave - Underwater, Rock and Thermodynamic Irreversibility
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Relative Shock and Heave - Underwater, Rock and Thermodynamic Irreversibility

机译:相对冲击和起伏-水下,岩石和热力学不可逆

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The work principle from thermodynamics is used to model the shock and heave for explosives shot in rock or under water, with the latter compared to reported results. The work principle utilizes restrictions and constraints to yield a representative fit to the irreversible (natural) shooting process. The reduction of the internal energy of the reaction-zone yields the total expansion work (TXW), the resultant sum of the rock/water shock and heave. The restoration technique of forming a closed thermodynamic loop yields the reversible mechanical work (RMW) or the rock/water heave. The residual work that remains when RMW is subtracted from TXW yields the irreversible disorder work (IDW) or the un-dissipated (without loss) shock in the surrounding rock or water. The work principle renders an unequivocal relationship for the shock-loss factor, rather than the traditional roundabout formula for correcting the underwater gauge-shock of un-modeled explosives. There's a novel heave-ratio factor that unquestionably rates the fit of results under comparison. Rock-shots are more complex in nature than underwater shots due to rock fracture and stratum rupture, though numerical resolution is worthwhile. The proposed rock-water-jelly (RWJ) model yields rough estimates, with rock-type results not wholly different from their underwater counterparts. Though reported underwater shots reveal shock and heave trends with respect to charge formulation ingredients, there are no such rock-shot results for comparison, since the relevant test measurements in rock remain difficult, if not intractable. Reports of underwater research tests for shock and heave have revealed trends for traditional molecular explosives, their mixtures and some commercial mining explosives. Thermodynamically, the former are well characterized and provide the harshest graphical comparisons. The latter have undisclosed formulations and were replaced with generics to inspect the role of additives. The thermodynamic work-principle model resolves a wide range of charge formulations, remains useful for reducing toxic fumes and now for querying the tradeoffs related to shock and heave.
机译:使用热力学的工作原理对岩石或水下爆炸的炸药的冲击和升沉进行建模,并将后者与报告的结果进行比较。工作原理利用限制和约束来使代表作品适合不可逆的(自然)射击过程。反应区内部能量的减少产生总的膨胀功(TXW),即岩石/水冲击和隆起的总和。形成闭合的热力学回路的恢复技术产生可逆的机械功(RMW)或岩石/水的沉浮。从TXW减去RMW时剩余的残余功会产生不可逆的无功功(IDW)或周围岩石或水中的未消散(无损失)冲击。工作原理对冲击损失因子具有明确的关系,而不是用于校正未建模炸药的水下规范冲击的传统回旋公式。毫无疑问,有一个新颖的升沉比因子可以评估比较结果的拟合度。尽管数值分辨率是值得的,但由于岩石破裂和地层破裂,岩石弹丸比水下弹丸本质上更复杂。所提出的岩石水冻(RWJ)模型可以得出粗略的估计,岩石类型的结果与水下的结果并不完全不同。尽管报告的水下弹丸揭示了装药配方成分的冲击和升沉趋势,但尚无可比较的岩石弹丸结果,因为岩石中的相关测试测量即使不是很难的,也仍然很难。水下冲击和沉沉研究研究的报告揭示了传统分子炸药,其混合物和一些商业采矿炸药的趋势。在热力学上,前者具有良好的特性,可提供最苛刻的图形比较。后者有未公开的配方,并已用仿制药代替以检查添加剂的作用。热力学工作原理模型可解析各种装药公式,仍然可用于减少有毒烟雾,现在可用于查询与冲击和升沉有关的权衡取舍。

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