The prediction of short and long-term settlement is crucial in the design of all types of immersed tunnels. Settlement can result in immediate or future problems due to cracking and leakage, which can lead to corrosion of structural reinforcing steel, ice on the roadway, life-long pumping costs and deterioration of tunnel finish. This paper provides a history of settlement experience that is hoped may be of help to future tunnel designers in more fully evaluating this phenomenon for their projects.
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