Fixed foam systems are widely used in the chemical and petroleum industries, and also in military installations, such as aircraft hangars, However, current fixed foam technology has some drawbacks. In the present fixed foam systems, foam solution, which is prepared by proportioning foam concentrate into flowing waer, is discharged through air-aspirated nozzles. The nozzles operate as mixing chambers inducing turbulent interaction between air and foam solution. In the process, the kinetic energy of the liquid stream is partly dissipated and the foam is characterized by low momentum, non-uniform distribution of bubbles or cells, and low expansion ratio.
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