Chernikhov's Axonometry as an Educational Model

摘要

Russian architect and educator Iacov Chernikhov (1889-1951), as is called Piranesi of USSR, is famous as an excellent delineator in the field of Architecture. And he is called 'a master of axonometric projection'. But we have little information on how he rendered his axonometric drawings. The purpose of this paper is to show how he draws axonometric drawings. For this purpose Chernikhov's axonometric drawings of his "The Construction of Architectural and Machine Forms" were analyzed from the following three aspects. 1) Sum of axonometric drawings and perspective drawings in figures of this book. 2) Type of used axonometry. 3) The ratios of axonometric projection, i.e. the shortening ratios along axonometric axes, supposing his drawings are based on trimetric projection. The ratios of shortening along axonometric axes were analyzed from the following aspects, i.e. a) the intersected angle between horizontal line and each 3 axonometric axis, b) the ratios of shortening along each axonometric axis, that are calculated from a), c) representational method of circles and spheres. The conclusion is as follows. 1) In this book, axonometry is not used exclusively, for there are perspective drawings. 2) There are few examples on isometric projection as well as no examples on cavalier or military projection, which are usually used in the field of architecture, So we guess that he used orthogonal trimetric projection. 3) On the ratio of axonometric projection, there is little inconsistency in "The Construction of Architectural and Machine Forms". 4) So we can conclude that Chernikhov follow on geometrically exact methods. 5) This result shows the following, i.e. that the exclusive education of isometric, cavalier and military projection on geometrically exact methods is not sufficient for representation of architecture, if Chernikhov's axonometry is considered as a recommendable model of architectural representation.