EXPENDABLLE AND REUSABLE SYSTEMS FOR EARTH-TO-ORBIT TRANSPORTATION

摘要

System of single-staged carrier-rockets "Earth-to-Orbit" based on modern technology and production level is presented. Such launchers are ecologically-friendly and can use the following propellants: kerosene-oxygen, natural liquefied gas (propane) plus kerosene, etc. Propulsion plant of such system consists of several liquid-propellant rocket engines with low values of engine mass-to-thrust ratio (0.008 as well as the Soviet kerosene-LOX NK-33 engine) and contains common regulated nozzle block. Three variants of launchers are considered: expendable carrier-rocket with payload mass of 20'000 kg, reusable vehicle with payload mass of 7'000 kg, and manned vehicle with rescue module for astronauts' saving at any part of trajectory Earth-Orbit-Earth and for emergency saving of a crew of Space Station.