Temperate Region Expansion of Harmful Algal Blooms Projected with Aquaculture Expansion and Climate Change

摘要

Over the past several decades,the frequency,intensity and geographic distribution of harmful algae and harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing globally.In many parts of the world,the increases in HABs have occurred in parallel with increasing enrichment of coastal and estuarine waters with nutrients from human population growth,development of intensive animal production and cropland operations that use ever-increasing amounts of fertilizer,and/or burning of fossil fuels and resulting atmospheric deposition of nitrogenous compounds.