An update of themes and trends in urban community-led total sanitation projects

摘要

This briefing paper identifies common themes and trends of Urban Community-Led Total Sanitation (UCLTS). The study relies on literature from 14 different projects across India and Africa alongside articles that focused on UCLTS and participation in urban sanitation projects. The hope is to provide an overview for those working in the field by identifying common characteristics, problems and opportunities. The paper ends with a list of recommendations for those currently working on UCLTS projects and those interested in transferring the CLTS model to urban environments.