Utilization of Geographic Information Systems In Developing Environmental Policies

摘要

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a technique of displaying data associated with location in the form of maps. Many layers of data can be displayed on the same map where each layer signifies individual aspect. This powerful method of data presentation makes it easy to visualize information that may otherwise be difficult to appreciate. The use of GIS has exploded in the last decade due to the reliance of professionals in many fields on this extremely helpful tool in organizing and displaying huge amount of information. The advances made in computer technology have also helped GIS to grow exponentially since the need for large databases has been constantly met with growing computer power. Many agencies maintain considerable databases on all sorts of variables that closely or remotely affect the environment. Some of these agencies are at the federal level and others are at the state or local levels. Significant amount of data is presently available in databases, and considerable portion of this information is publicly accessible. Federal agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) constantly gather data on aspects that can be very helpful in making environmental policies and decisions. These aspects are related to measurements of mercury, lead, and arsenic compounds in various municipalities, and water and air qualities. All these factors, and others, can affect human health in a substantial way. This presentation attempts to show how the environmental decision making ability can be enhanced by the use of GIS as a tool of visualization and appreciation.