Comparison and On-Road Performance of Two Drive Systems for Public Transport Vehicles: Battery Electric and Hybrid Electric Systems

摘要

EVermont, a public-private partnership demonstrating electric transportation systems in Vermont, hasrnrecently road-tested public transport vehicles with two drive configurations: battery electric and hybridrnelectric. The battery electric vehicle is a shuttle bus manufactured by AVS Corporation. The bus wasrnoriginally manufactured with lead-acid batteries, but was later modified and fitted with NIMH batteriesrnunder a DARPA demonstration project to demonstrate NIMH battery performance in a medium heavydutyrnvehicle. The hybrid electric bus is a prototype version of the familiar and popular "All-American"rnbig yellow school bus. This vehicle was developed under a U.S. Department of Transportationrn(DOT)/Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium (NAVC) cooperative venture with Blue Bird BusrnCompany and Solectria Corporation.rnThe AVS shuttle bus has a weight rating of 6,500kg, a transport capacity of 22 passengers and isrnpropelled solely by NiMH batteries (see Figure 1). This bus has undergone a number of controlled testsrnto demonstrate range and performance, and has now been placed in routine service on a commercialrnpublic transit route in a small city in Vermont. The Blue Bird bus has a weight rating of 15,000kg., arntransport capacity of 66-passengers and is fitted with a low-cost series-hybrid system (see Figure 2). Thisrnhybrid drive system is a battery dominant design, and therefore the vehicle is grid-connected. ThernAuxiliary Power Unit (APU) consists of a 38 Kw diesel engine with an AC induction generator providingrnsupplemental power through a Solectria DMOC 445 controller managing. As with the battery electricrnvehicle, this vehicle has been the subject of controlled tests and routine service at the University ofrnVermont's campus-wide transit service.