Field Experience with and Potential for Multi-time Scale Grid Transactions from Responsive Commercial Buildings

摘要

The need for and concepts behind demand response are evolving. As the electric systemrnchanges with more intermittent renewable electric supply systems, there is a need to allowrnbuildings to provide more flexible demand. This paper presents results from field studies andrnpilots, as well as engineering estimates of the potential capabilities of fast load responsiveness inrncommercial buildings. We present a sector wide analysis of flexible loads in commercialrnbuildings, which was conducted to improve resource planning and determine which loads tornevaluate in future demonstrations. These systems provide important capabilities for futurerntransactional systems. The field analysis is based on results from California, plus projects in thernnorthwest and east coast. End-uses considered include heating, ventilation, air conditioning andrnlighting. The timescales of control include day-ahead, as well as day-of, 10-minute ahead andrneven faster response. This technology can provide DR signals on different times scales to interactrnwith responsive building loads. We describe the latency of the control systems in the buildingrnand the round trip communications with the wholesale grid operators.