Nanotechnology is emerging as a key, transformative technology of the 21st Century. With its great uncertainty, nanotechnology indicates potentially high risk. Drawing on the idea of “governance”, which stresses the participation of all stakeholders, this paper depicts the current nanotechnology development in mainland China from four aspects: governmental policy, academic community (natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences), industry and the public. Then it briefly discusses the future governance outlook for nanotechnology in mainland China.
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