摘要:
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加油菜蜂花粉对产蛋高峰期和产蛋后期芦花鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响.试验1选用32周龄(产蛋高峰期) 、产蛋率为70%左右的芦花鸡384只,随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡.试验期为8周.试验2选用64周龄(产蛋后期) 、产蛋率为50%左右的芦花鸡60只,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复3只鸡.试验期为6周.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%油菜蜂花粉的试验饲粮.试验期间统计产蛋性能,测定蛋品质,试验结束时进行血清指标测定.结果显示:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加1.0%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高产蛋后期芦花鸡的产蛋率( P<0.05) . 2)饲粮添加1.5%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高产蛋高峰期第4周芦花鸡的蛋壳黄度( b?)值和第8周的蛋黄颜色( P<0.05) . 3)饲粮添加0.5%和1.0%油菜蜂花粉可显著降低产蛋高峰期芦花鸡的血清甘油三酯含量( P<0.05) ,添加1.5%油菜蜂花粉可显著降低血清总胆固醇含量( P<0.05) . 4)饲粮添加1.0%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高产蛋高峰期芦花鸡的血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性和显著降低血清丙二醛含量( P<0.05) ,添加1.5%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高血清总抗氧化能力和显著降低血清丙二醛含量( P<0.05) . 5)饲粮添加0.5%和1.5%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高产蛋后期芦花鸡的血清免疫球蛋白G含量( P<0.05) ,添加1.0%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高血清免疫球蛋白A含量( P<0.05) .由此可知,饲粮添加油菜蜂花粉可提高芦花鸡的生产性能,改善蛋品质,降低血脂,提高抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能,饲粮中适宜添加水平为0.80%~0.95%.%This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary rape bee pollen on performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indexes of Luhua hens during peak period of laying and in later laying period. In experiment 1, three hundred and eight?four Luhua hens with 32?week?old ( during peak period of laying) and about 70% laying rate were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 24 hens per repli?cate. The test lasted for 8 weeks. In experiment 2, sixty Luhua hens with 64?week?old ( in later laying period) and about 50% laying rate were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 3 hens per rep?licate. The test lasted for 6 weeks. Hens in control group were fed a basal diet, and the others in experimental group were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% rape bee pollen, respectively. Laying performance and egg quality were measured during experiments, and serum biochemical indexes were tested at the end of experiments. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) dietary 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly increased laying rate of Luhua hens in later laying period ( P<0.05). 2) Dietary 1.5%rape bee pollen significantly increased the value of eggshell yellow ( b?) in the 4th week and yolk color in the 8th week of Luhua hens during peak period of laying ( P<0.05). 3) Dietary 0.5% and 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly decreased the content of triglyceride in serum of Luhua hens during peak period of laying ( P<0.05) , and dietary 1.5% rape bee pollen significantly decreased the content of total cholesterol in serum ( P<0.05). 4) Dietary 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly increased the activity of total super oxide dismutase in se?rum and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde in serum of Luhua hens during peak period of laying ( P<0.05) , and dietary 1.5% rape bee pollen significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity in ser?um and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde in serum ( P<0.05 ). 5 ) Dietary 0.5% and 1.5% rape bee pollen significantly increased the content of immunoglobulin G in serum of Luhua hens in later laying period ( P<0.05) , and dietary 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly increased the content of immunoglobu?lin A in serum ( P<0.05). Therefore, dietary rape bee pollen can improve performance and egg quality, de?crease blood lipids and enhance antioxidant capacity and immune function of Luhua hens, and the suitable sup?plemental level of rape bee pollen in diet is 0.80% to 0.95%.[ Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31 (6) :2915?2926]