The invention relates to a method for treating the surface of paper, and/or at least one of the layers thereof, which comprises the following consecutive steps: i) supplying an aqueous suspension S of polysaccharide, ii) supplying an aqueous dispersion D comprising (a) particles of at least one anionic water-swellable polymer P and (b) at least one compound selected from a mineral salt, an organic salt, an organic dispersing polymer and the mixtures thereof, iii) mixing the suspension S and the dispersion D, to obtain a mixture M, and iv) applying the mixture M to the surface of the paper and/or of the layers thereof.
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