The invention relates to a method for detecting at least one target buried in an area of the ground, using ground-penetrating radar, the method comprising the steps of: - acquiring (201) a measurement of a signal transmitted by each transmission antenna and reflected in the area of the ground; - determining (202) an estimate, in the frequency domain, of the propagation channel for each pair consisting of a transmission antenna and a reception antenna; - defining a first hypothesis H0 corresponding to the absence of a target in the area of the ground; - defining a second hypothesis H1 corresponding to the presence of at least one target in the area of the ground; - performing (203) a test of the likelihood ratio between the likelihood of the channel matrix under the second hypothesis H1 and the likelihood of the channel matrix under the first hypothesis H0, in order to conclude that a target is present at a given position in the area of the ground.
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