Examples of a mat are disclosed. The mat comprises a body with a first surface and a second surface, and a microbial component that comprises pre-determined microorganisms which are dispersed in the body of the mat between the first and second surfaces, on one of the first surface or the second surface, or on both of the first surface and the second surface. The microbial component manipulates a microbiome of an environment adjacent or in contact to the mat. The microbial component can comprise at least one of live bacteria, bacteria endospores, fungi, viruses, protozoa, algae, slime moulds, archaea, micro-plants, a synthetic biology system or microbial precursor that stimulate growth of the desired microorganisms.
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