A planar optical waveguide chip and a waveguide-type single-mode optical fiber laser device, relating to the technical field of lasers. The planar optical waveguide chip comprises a planar optical waveguide chip main body (1); the planar optical waveguide chip main body (1) is used for butt-coupling laser emitted by a semiconductor laser device (2), and the planar optical waveguide chip main body (1) comprises a laser incident end (11) and a laser emitting end (10); from the laser incident end (11) to the laser emitting end (10), waveguide width (12) decreases in a gradient, while waveguide thickness (13) remains unchanged, and at the laser emitting end (10), the waveguide thickness (13) is equal to the waveguide width (12). In contrast to the composition of a complex optical device of a traditional optical fiber laser device, the waveguide-type single-mode optical fiber laser device can use a simple optical device, i.e. a planar optical waveguide chip, to couple, without loss, multi-mode laser emitted by a high-power semiconductor laser device into a single-mode optical fiber having a small fiber core diameter, thereby directly outputting high-power laser by means of the single-mode optical fiber.
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