The present invention relates to vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Rhizobium and a use thereof, and the inventors experimentally confirmed that the vesicles were significantly reduced in clinical samples obtained from patients with stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, asthma, diabetes, Parkinson's disease and dementia, compared with a normal individual, and that when vesicles isolated from the strain were administered, the secretion of inflammatory mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, was significantly inhibited. Therefore, it is expected that the vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Rhizobium according to the present invention can be effectively used for a method of diagnosing stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, asthma, diabetes, Parkinson's disease or dementia, and for developing a composition for preventing, alleviating or treating the diseases.
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