A computer-implemented system includes a downhole tool in a bottom hole assembly attached to a drill string, configured to perform gas measurements during drilling operations. The downhole tool includes a housing to house the downhole tool; sensors positioned along external walls of the housing and including coaxial resonators; electrical circuitry located inside the downhole tool and configured to enable communication by, and operation of, the downhole tool; at least one processor configured to convert scattering parameter 11 (S11) signals received from sensors to permittivity values and determine signatures from permittivity values; a memory for storing data collected by sensors; and a sensor system monitoring changes from a baseline signal of drill mud that is produced during the drilling operations, the changes based at least in part on signatures determined from permittivity values. The downhole tool provides communications to surface systems when a gas kick event is detected by the downhole tool.
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