A big data-based fault monitoring method and system for an industrial production line. The method comprises: step 201, segmenting an industrial production line according to distribution positions of sensors, and numbering the segments with Mi according to the circulation direction of the production line; step 202, obtaining n pieces of measured data of the sensor Mi to obtain n sampling values, eliminating abnormal data in the n pieces of measured data of the sensor Mi, and calculating an abnormal data elimination rate β; step 203, determining whether the elimination rate β is higher than a first threshold, and if yes, determining that a fault risk exists at the sensor Mi; step 204, repeating step 202 and step 203 to obtain a fault risk condition at each sensor; and step 205, organizing a troubleshooting sequence of the sensors having a fault, and informing a staff member to carry out processing. According to the method, a staff member can be informed in time to carry out processing when a fault risk exists on a production line, thereby guaranteeing stable proceeding of the production line.
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