Methods and devices for measuring full or partial Mueller matrix information in a single shot are described. One single shot polarimeter includes a polarization filter that is positioned to receive collimated light from a light source and to produce light having different polarization states. The polarization filter includes at least four sections, where each section receives a portion of the collimated light and produces light of a particular polarization state, which is spatially separated from light produced by other sections of the polarization filter. An imaging component images the sections of the polarization filter onto a plane of a sample object. One or more optical elements receive the light from the sample object and image a section of the sample object onto a detector. The disclosed devices and methods enable the measurement of the Mueller matrix of the sample with high signal-to-noise ratios.
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