The present invention belongs to the technical field of joint surface pressure detection of connecting pieces, and provides an FBG sensor-based bolt fastening joint surface pressure detection method, comprising the steps of determining the size and the position of an FBG sensor; and determining the pressure of a joint surface measuring position on the basis of the single bolt connection joint surface pressure distribution theory, and completing calibration in real-time correspondence to the strain and pressure values to realize precise detection of the joint surface pressure. Determining the size and the position of the FBG sensor embedding slot according to the above method can ensure the reliability and accuracy of strain information; and an accurate strain-joint surface pressure curve can be obtained in combination with the determination of the joint surface pressure, which provides a practical and feasible method for the research on the bolt connection joint surface pressure.
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