An atomic beam is irradiated with a first laser beam (701a), a second laser beam (701b), and a third laser beam (701c). The first laser beam and the third laser beam each have a wavelength corresponding to a transition between a ground state and a first excited state. The second laser beam has a wavelength corresponding to a transition between the ground state and a second excited state. First, atoms each having a smaller velocity component than a predetermined velocity in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the atomic beam are changed from the ground state to the first excited state by the first laser beam. Subsequently, a momentum is provided for individual atoms in the ground state by the second laser beam. The moving direction of the atoms is changed after the momentum is provided for the individual atoms, and then the atoms are removed from the atomic beam. Finally, atoms each having a smaller velocity component than a predetermined velocity in the orthogonal direction are returned from the first excited state to the ground state by the third laser beam.
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