An anti-attack shock collar 200 for protecting an animal comprises at least one pair of powered electrodes 225, 230 exposed on the exterior of a flexible strap 205 and a moisture sensor configured to switch off the electrode voltage upon detection of water. The water sensor may detect water by measuring electrical resistance or impedance between two additional contacts (280, Fig. 8), e.g. located on the inside of the collar. The collar may comprise a camera 297 or audio sensor monitored to activate the electrodes when a predator or attack threat is detected; LEDs 210, 260 operable as a torch and/or arranged to flash while the electrodes are energised; a timer limiting the duration of the electrode voltage; and/or a recessed or magnetic switch 275 for toggling between powered/unpowered and standby modes. A remote-control device remotely transmits signals to activate the collar’s electrodes and/or torch, and may comprise a magnet or pin (310, Fig. 4) for activating the collar’s power/standby switch. The collar may be switchable between several electrode voltage levels and may cycle through the voltages in sequence upon receipt of the activation signal.
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