The present invention provides an attack and defense confrontation-based e-mail system security evaluation method, apparatus, and terminal device, and a readable storage medium. The method comprises: obtaining a first attack mail list recorded by an attack module, the attack module being configured to generate attack mails and record the generated attack mails to form the first attack mail list; obtaining a second attack mail list recorded by a defense module, the defense module being configured to detect and identify attack mails by means of a preset detection filtering model and record the detected attack mails to form the second attack mail list; and calculating the first attack mail list and the second attack mail list by using a preset Colley's method calculation model, and generating security evaluation information of an e-mail system according to the calculation result. According to the present invention, the security situation of the e-mail system can be evaluated by combining perspectives of an attacker and a defender, so that a simple and effective security evaluation function is provided for the e-mail system.
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