Provided are various mechanisms and processes for automatic computer vision-based defect detection using a neural network. A system is configured for receiving historical datasets that include training images corresponding to one or more known defects. Each training image is converted into a corresponding matrix representation for training the neural network to adjust weighted parameters based on the known defects. Once sufficiently trained, a test image of an object that is not part of the historical dataset is obtained. Portions of the test image are extracted as input patches for input into the neural network as respective matrix representations. A probability score indicating the likelihood that the input patch includes a defect is automatically generated for each input patch using the weighted parameters. An overall defect score for the test image is then generated based on the probability scores to indicate the condition of the object.
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