The present specification discloses an immunomodulatory composition comprising Lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles as an active ingredient. The Lactobacillus may be Lactobacillus plantarum. The composition has the effects of inducing differentiation into M2-type macrophages and reducing expression of at least one member selected from the group consisting of CCR2, SOCS3 and HLA-DRα, which are M1-type macrophage differentiation markers.
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