Disclosed are a device and a method for simultaneously measuring mercury, cadmium, zinc, and lead. The device comprises: a gas generation device; a quartz analysis tube connected to the gas generation device, wherein the quartz analysis tube comprises a sample heating zone (2), a high-temperature filler zone (3) and a quartz collimator (4) arranged in sequence; an atomic absorption detection device AA1 arranged behind the quartz analysis tube, wherein the atomic absorption detection device AA1 comprises an atomic absorption detector (7), a flame (5) and a light source (6); a quartz catalytic tube arranged behind the atomic absorption detection device AA1, wherein the quartz catalytic tube comprises a flame buffer zone (8) and an adsorption filler zone (9) arranged in sequence; and an atomic absorption mercury-measuring device arranged behind the quartz catalytic tube, wherein the atomic absorption mercury-measuring device comprises a mercury enrichment tube (10), an atomic absorption detector AA2 (11) and an air pump (12) arranged in sequence.
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