How to ensure the safety of hydrogen explosions at nuclear power plants

摘要

The invention relates to emergency protection of nuclear power plants, particularly to technologies for mitigation of consequences or fire prevention and prevention of explosive gas accumulation, which ensure hydrogen explosion safety in premises of the containment dome (hereinafter - CNT) at nuclear power plants (hereinafter - NPP) with water-cooled power reactor (hereinafter - VVER). Moreover, the offered invention can be used at other facilities having the risk of development of potentially hazardous emergency processes, related to the emission of a large amount of light combustible gas and its localization in closed premises of a facility. The technical result attained by the declared invention consists in the reduction of the risk of gas medium inflammation in premises of NPP CNT, as well as in the provision of self-damping of weak burning waves, reduction of their intensity in case of gas medium inflammation in premises of NPP CNT and in reduction of dynamic loads on walls of premises of NPP CNT. The specified technical result is attained due to the fact that in the method for ensuring hydrogen explosion safety at nuclear power plants, comprising ventilation of premises of the nuclear reactor premises and hydrogen recombination in premises of the nuclear reactor premises by its catalytic oxidation, in accordance with the declared solution, a reflector is placed on the way of potentially emergency propagation of a pressure hydrogen-containing steam-gas jet, apertures are made in the walls between premises of the nuclear reactor containment dome with a size equal to minimum 35% of the surface area of the said walls, while excess heat is withdrawn in areas of potential localization of hydrogen-containing steam-gas mixture burning sources.