Nucleic acid aptamers capable of binding to lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) and uses thereof for modulating immune responses. Such aptamers may comprise a G-rich motif, for example, GX1GGGX2GGTX3A (SEQ ID No: 1), in which each of X1 and X2 are independently G, C, or absent, and X3 is T or C, or L-(G)n-L′, in which n is an integer of 5-9 inclusive, and L and L′ are nucleotide segments having complementary sequences. Also provided herein are multimeric nucleic acid aptamers containing a backbone moiety, which comprises a palindromic sequence.
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