Examples of the present disclosure describe systems and methods relating to the offline protection of secrets. A secret may be encrypted using a public key provided by the client. The client may have obtained the public key from a cryptographic hardware device, wherein the private key of the cryptographic key pair may be bound to the cryptographic hardware device. The encrypted secret may be transmitted by a service to the client using a secured or an unsecured transmission method. In some examples, the service may transmit a subsequent encrypted secret, which may invalidate a previously encrypted secret. In order to authenticate with the service, the client may select an encrypted secret for decryption. The client may access the private key stored by the cryptographic device and decrypt the encrypted secret with the private key. The client may then use the decrypted secret to authenticate with the service.
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