The invention relates to a method for determining an orientation of fibers (70) or fiber sections (50.i) of a fleece (20), with the following steps: (a) irradiating the fleece (20) with polarized light (14), whose polarization ( P) changes as a function of time, (b) determining a spatially resolved, time-dependent polarization (P 18 (t)) of light (18) that has interacted with the fleece, so that polarization data are obtained, and (c) calculating the spatially resolved orientation (O (x, y) ), in particular the Mueller matrix (M), from the polarization data.
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