The present disclosure provides insulated electrical conductors, e.g., wires, and methods for producing such insulated electrical conductors to combat partial discharge by enhancing bond strength between the electrical conductor and a base insulating thermoplastic layer (e.g., including a PAEK). Such insulated electrical conductors can include: an electrical conductor; an insulating coating on at least a portion of a surface of the electrical conductor; and an oxide layer between the electrical conductor and the insulating coating. Methods for producing such insulated electrical conductors can involve extrusion of an insulating polymer onto the electrical conductor under ambient atmosphere and a subsequent heat treatment step, which can also be conducted under ambient atmosphere.
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