Improvements in the manufacture and production of liquid hydrocarbons by the pressure hydrogenation of coals, tars, mineral oils and similar substances

摘要

531,543. Destructive hydrogenation. JOHNSON, G. W. (I.G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.). March 7, 1938, No. 7110. [Class 32] In the production of liquid hydrocarbons, e.g. benzines and middle oils by the catalytic destructive hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials, e.g. coals, tars, mineral oils &c. gaseous olefines are added to the reacting materials before or during the reaction. The gaseous olefines are produced by cracking ethane, propane or butane or are obtained from the waste gases of cracking or hydrogenation processes and are led into the preheater or reaction vessel in the latter case, particularly when di-olefines are present, after a considerable amount of the reaction has taken place, e.g. at positions situated after the first quarter or third of the reaction zone. The hydrogenation may be carried out in the presence of small amounts of hydrogen so that only a limited hydrogenation takes place. A layer of catalyst promoting alkylization or polymerization may be arranged at the points where the olefines are introduced. The amount of olefines introduced may be 10-200 per cent. by weight of the initial material treated. A gas, comprising 23 per cent. by volume of propane, 22 per cent. butane, 21 per cent. ethylene, 13 per cent. propylene, 6 per cent. butylene, and 15 per cent. hydrogen which has been produced by cracking waste gases from a catalytic hydrogenation process, is mixed with mineral coal pasted with oil and 3 per cent. ferric oxide purifying mass pre-treated with hydrogen sulphide, and the mixture is passed under 300 atmos. pressure through a pre-heater heated to 410‹C. into a reaction chamber where additional hydrogen is added and the materials are maintained at 410‹C. for one to two hours. The yield of benzines, middle oil and heavy oil is increased by about 35 per cent. by the addition of the olefines.