method and device for separation of a solution of different molecular composition in two groups by ultrafiltration

摘要

193,882. Taggart, J. Scott-, and Radio Communication Co., Ltd. Aug. 30, 1921. Heterodyne receiving systems; atmospherics and undesired signals, eliminating or limiting; thermionic amplifiers and detectors.-In a wireless receiving system operating on the heterodyne principle, the local oscillations are set in ' operation, or are controlled in magnitude or frequency, by the received signals. The system may be used for eliminating interfering signals which are weaker or stronger than the desired signals, and for reducing interference from atmospherics and damped waves. Fig. 2 shows one circuit arrangement in which the received oscillations after amplification in the valves V1, V2 are applied to the grid of a valve V3. This grid is normally given a negative potential by a potentiometer P4 of such value that only the stronger signals produce any effect in the anode circuit. The stronger signals cause a variation oi voltage across a condenser-shunted resistance R. which voltage is applied to the grid of a valve V4. This valve acts as an amplifier of the oscillations supplied by a local source L3, and is normally inoperative owing to the negative potential applied by a potentiometer P2 to its grid. The stronger signals cause amplified local oscillations to be supplied by a coil L4 to the receiving-circuits, and give audible beats in the telephone T. The weaker signals do not permit the local oscillations to become effective, and are therefore not heard. A two-electrode valve may replace the valve V3, the coil L2, potentiometer P4, and resistance R being in series in its anode-filament circuit. If the connections of the resistance R in the grid circuit of the valve V4 are reversed, signal reception will depress the potential of the grid and by this means strong signals and atmospherics may be reduced or rendered inaudible. Fig. 5 shows an arrangement in which a two-electrode limiter V3 is employed, the voltage across the resistance R being used to vary the resistance of a valve V4 which is connected as a shunt across the oscillatory circuit L10, L4, C10. Oscillations for heterodyning are sustained in this circuit by a valve V5, and the varying resistance of the valve V4, due to the received signals, varies the frequency of these oscillations. Signals are received in a telehpone T in the circuit of a detector valve V8 which has its grid circuit coupled jointly to the local oscillator V5 and to the receiving amplifier V7. Strong interfering signals may thus be arranged to vary the local frequency sufficiently to render the beats inaudible. Other sigals would give different beat notes in accordance with their intensity.