Catalytic Cracking of Hydrocarbons containing Two to Thirty Carbon Atoms

摘要

1,150,437. Making combustible gas. BADI. SCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK A.G. 2 May, 1966 [3 May, 1965; 31 Dec., 1965], No. 19184/66. Heading C5E. Hydrogen-rich gas is produced by cracking vaporizable hydrocarbon mixtures with steam at elevated temperature and at atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure in two catalytic stages in series. The first catalyst comprises Ni or Co, a carrier material, and at least 0À5% by weight (calculated as oxide) of an alkali metal compound; the second catalyst comprises Ni which contains less than 0À5% by weight (oxide basis) alkali metal compound. Temperatures are 350‹ to 650‹ C. for the first stage and 550‹ to 950‹ C. for the second. Pt or Pd may be included in the first catalyst, and the carrier for both catalysts is magnesium oxide with or without alumina to which zirconium dioxide may be added. Suitable alkali metal compounds are the oxides, hydroxides, nitrates and carbonates and preferred percentages of all catalyst components are given, along with preferred temperatures, pressures, steam ratios and space velocities. The first catalyst may include an hydraulic binder or be calcined. The feed may be gasolines (boiling range 30‹ to 200‹ C,) or higher boiling fractions (up to C 30 ) if desulphurized. Three specific examples are described, in which the second stage follows immediately after the first in a common tube, and the alkali metal is potassium.