Exploration method by emission of mechanical waves, installation of implementation and their applications.

摘要

1,216,488. Generating acoustic waves. SOC. NATIONALE DES PETROLES D'AQUITAINE. 22 Dec., 1967 [28 Dec., 1966], No. 58373/67. Heading H4D. An acoustic wave of predetermined waveform, for transmission into a dispersive medium whose structure is to be explored, is synthesized by generating a train of impulses of like polarity, the envelope of the train being the predetermined waveform. In the Fig. 2 embodiment, impulses are generated by repetitive triggered discharge of condenser bank 19 through sparkgap 30. The bank 19 is charged from voltage source 25 via step-up transformer and rectifier unit 24 and connections 29a, 29b of a rotary bridging switch 28. For discharging the bank 19, voltage is applied from source 25 to AND gate 27a via bridged contacts 26b, 26c of switch 28 in the intervals between charging periods, and reaches the trigger input of a pilot discharge device 27 if a control signal from tape 2 is present at second input of gate 27a. Several spark gaps 30 and banks 19, together with their associated charging, discharging and gating circuits, are controlled from further tracks on tape 2 such that two or more discharges can be made to occur in phase at selected times whereby the envelope of the impulse train can be shaped as desired. For seismic exploration on land the spark-gaps 30 are located in a waterfilled cavity in the ground; for marine seismic exploration they are supported by a ship. One or more geophones detect the subsurface reflections of the acoustic wave and the geophone outputs are recorded for subsequent signal processing, e.g. for optical cross-correlation with the transmitted acoustic waveform to determine propagation times. Examples of suitable transmitted waveforms are given. In an alternative embodiment (Fig. 1, not shown) the rotary switch 28 and AND gate 27a are eliminated and the control signal on tape 2 is used to trigger one or more pilot discharge devices (11, 18) coupled to respective condenser banks (12, 19) and spark gaps (13, 20). The control signal also triggers, via delay circuits (14, 21), thyratrons (16, 23) for applying charging current to the condenser banks (12, 19).