PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR HEAT AND/OR MASS TRANSFER FROM ONE LIQUID TO ANOTHER

摘要

1,243,803. Flash distillation apparatus; desalination of water. A. KOGAN. 26 Sept., 1968 [1 Oct., 1967; 15 May, 1968; 26 Aug., 1968], No. 45731/68. Heading B1B. Fresh water is obtained from saline water by heating it and introducing it through conduit 29 (Fig. 2) into a housing 16 where vapour flashes from the saline water as it flows through the housing; the vapours and gases pass through apertures in partitions 28 and the vapours condense in a stream of fresh water, introduced through conduit 32, flowing over the partitions. The pressure in the vapour space below partitions 28 must be maintained such that fresh water on the partitions cannot flow through the apertures. The housing is divided into stages by partitions 27 and baffles 34; and other housings may be connected in series with that shown. The saline water flows up into each stage through a perforated plate 36. Air and non-condensable gases are evacuated from the upper regions of each of the stages. The apertures in partitions 28 are preferably of conical or bell shape, taper in the direction of vapour flow, and are inclined in the direction of fresh water flow. The partitions 28 should preferably be made of insulating material, e.g. plastic, to prevent vapour from condensing on the underside thereof. The saline water is partly pre-heated by heat exchange with fresh water withdrawn from the housing through conduit 35. Fig. 9 shows a housing wherein the saline water rises from stage to stage through diverging risers 73, 75, 77, the fresh water flows down from stage to stage through U-passages, and the vapour passes through perforations into the fresh water stream as it flows through the horizontal passages 83, 86, 89. Distillation systems are also described wherein the vapour is condensed as it rises into a stream of a waterimmiscible liquid, e.g. a hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon. The feed saline water is preheated by direct contact with the immiscible liquid after it has been separated from the condensate. The feed saline water may be heated by contacting it with hot pebbles.