Mineral matter is coal-derived liquids such as coal extracts can be assessed on-line by passing an X-ray beam having as a predominant component wavelengths in the range 0.6 to 0.8 Angstrom units through the liquid and detecting the intensity of the transmitted radiation. X-ray wavelengths in this range permit adequate discrimination between attenuation caused by mineral matter and that caused by the liquid, without having very poor transmission. X-ray tubes or radioisotopes can be used as a source.
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