A microwave watercut monitor includes a test cell having a petroleum stream flowing through it while permitting the microwave energy to enter the test cell. A microwave source provides microwave energy to a circulator which in turn provides the microwave energy to an antenna. The antenna provides the petroleum stream in the test cell with the microwave energy and receives reflected microwave energy back from the stream. The reflected microwave energy is provided by the antenna to the circulator which in turn provides the reflected microwave energy as test microwave energy. Indicator apparatus provides an indication of the watercut of the petroleum stream in accordance with the phase difference between the source provided microwave energy and the test microwave energy. In one embodiment a detector assembly is connected to the circulator and detects the intensity of the test microwave energy to provide a corresponding intensity signal.;The indicator apparatus is connected to the circulator to the microwave source and to the detector assembly to provide an indication of the watercut in accordance with the intensity signal and the phase difference between the source provided microwave energy and the test microwave energy.
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