An electrically scanning microwave radiometer for measuring the brightness temperature of an object by performing a conical scan of the object. The microwave radiometer comprises a torus-type reflector and an array of radiators. The radiators are grouped to form a plurality of subarrays. The beams formed by the respective subarrays are correspondingly switched to perform the conical scan on the surface of the object. The signals received by the radiators during the conical scan are arithmetically operated to obtain the brightness temperature value of the object located within the width of the antenna beam.
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