Synthetic peptide antigen analogs of natural peptide antigens with partial or complete retro, inverso or retro-inverso modifications are provided. When administered as an immunogen to an immunocapable host, the synthetic peptide antigen analogs induce the production of antibodies that recognize native peptide antigens. Also provided are the use of such analogues, vaccines and methods of making vaccines containing the antigenic analogs, and antibodies produced using the antigenic analogs.
展开▼