Processes for the conversion and improvement of organic raw materials into an aquatic environment.

摘要

A process for the aqueous conversion and upgrading of organic resource materials (e.g., oil shale) is carried out by contacting organic resource materials with water, in the absence of externally supplied hydrogen or reducing agents, controlling the temperature in the range from above about 200 DEG C to below the critical temperature of water to maintain a liquid phase,wherein the pressure is the corresponding vapor pressure, for a time sufficient to effect the conversion and upgrading process. Additionally, the contacting may be conducted in the presence of at least one member of the group selected from a brine catalyst, clay catalyst and mixtures thereof.