METHOD FOR SEPARATION INTO FRACTIONS OF PETROLEUM OILS, MAZUT, OR ASPHALT; METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CREATING VACUUM AND CONDENSING DISTILLATE VAPOR FROM THE TOP OF VACUUM COLUMN

摘要

FIELD: petroleum processing. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to separation into fractions of mazut, asphalt, petroleum oils in vacuum rectification columns with side steam-stripping columns constituting a part of atmospheric vacuum pipe heater or operating separately. As agent promoting ascending vapor flows in distillation parts of vacuum and steam-stripping columns and at the same time being heat carrier for supplying heat into column bottom and working steam into steam-flow ejectors, hydrocarbon phlegm vapor from upper trays of atmosphere column is utilized taken off from trays beginning with the first tray to kerosene distillate take-off tray including gasoline fractions with initial boiling temperature 60-80 C and ligroin. Amount of agent promoting ascending vapor flows in distillation parts of vacuum column and simultaneously amount of heat introduced with it into bottom of columns is determined by degree of recovery of lube fractions from mazut and asphalt. To condense mixed vapor leaving top of vacuum column, multi-nozzle or annular-nozzle hydro-jet ejector mixing condensers are used. As working fluid and simultaneously cooling agent in these condensers, phlegm from upper trays of atmospheric column (heavy gasoline, ligroin) is used being preliminarily cooled in air coolers and pumped from phlegm collector. Working vapor from hydro-ejectors and vapor promoting ascending vapor flows are separated from high-boiling residues being a part of phlegm, heavy gasoline and ligroin, heavy hydrocarbons dissolved in them and entrained from vacuum column in separator at temperature up to 400-420 C and pressure as high as 16 kg/sq. cm. Flow regulator for agent creating ascending flows is mounted after separator before superheater. Agent is distributed in columns using local gates or remote control. EFFECT: improved process flowsheet. 17 cl, 1 dwg