METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING WASTES CONTAINING ORGANIC SUBSTANCES, HEAVY METALS AND THEIR OXIDES

摘要

FIELD: waste disposal. SUBSTANCE: processing of industrial and domestic wastes is performed by way of pyrolysis in heated chamber under layers of grainy material, wood sawdust, amorphous graphite; crushing solid residue of pyrolysis; screening; and magnetic separation. According to invention, prior to be pyrolyzed, waste is sorted and, after pyrolysis residue is crushed. Fine fraction containing metal oxides is mixed with aluminium particles, whereas mixture is heated in the course of pyrolysis to aluminothermics commencement temperature in refractory particles' bed, postburning of fuel gases being performed in refractory particles' bed with air supplied into its upper part to produce fluidized bed. Fine fraction and aluminium particles are mixed with steel powder recovered from abrasive steel treatment waste. Amorphous graphite is supplemented with metal oxides recovered from wastes. Refractory particles' bed is formed from amorphous graphite mixed with metal oxides and steel powder recovered from abrasive steel treatment waste. Apparatus is provided with sand gates embracing upper and lower bases of vertical tube. Dispersion valve is embedded into upper sand gate and contains fitting to supply gas into dispersion valve bed. Lower sand gate is connected with container to collect liquids, liquid metal among them. Inside the tube, removable grate with refractory particles' bed and fitting to withdraw furnace gas into heat exchanger are disposed. Upper and lower parts of tube are embedded into sand gate beds and are made double-walled to release gases. Lower sand gate is provided with perforated bottom and collector under this bottom, and double wall of upper gate is provided with fitting and valve. EFFECT: improved structure of apparatus. 14 cl, 2 dwg