IMPROVED METHOD OF REFINING COAL BY SHORT RESIDENCE TIME HYDRODI SPROPORTIONATION TO FORM A NOVEL COAL DERIVED FUEL SYSTEM

摘要

The present invention is directed to an improved process for refining coal by short residence time hydro disproportionation reactions to produce slate of fluid phase fuel systems and useful crude products.;In another aspect, the present invention is directed to an improved process for converting useful hydrogen while producing large amounts of liquid hydrocarbons by short residence time partial liquid sulfur.;It can be readily seen that the short residence time hydro- disproportionation (SRT-HDP) process can be carried out at a higher heating rate without causing gas formation and / or condensation reactions at low pressures and high volatilization temperatures. According to the invention, particles of volatile-containing carbonaceous material are heated at a rate effective to rapidly decompose and volatilize the solid organic material. The decomposition reaction volatilizes the solid organic material into hydrocarbon fractions and free radicals, which are released as carbonaceous particles. This volatilized hydrocarbon fraction is in intimate contact with a gas-reducing atmosphere containing a large amount of hydrogen donor at a hydrogenation temperature effective to promote hydrogenation of the fraction and free radical hydrogen capping. Although hydrocracking occurs (depending on the hydrogenation temperature), the hydrogenation temperature and hydrogenation residence time are chosen to reduce thermal hydrocracking and vaporization.;The particles are rapidly heated to a volatilization temperature to decompose solid organics and then hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature to produce stable and good hydrocarbon liquids from the hydrogen produced therein while minimizing condensation reactions and gas production. Accordingly, the heating rate can be increased to increase the decomposition reaction rate, while the hydrogenation temperature is selected to carry out an efficient hydrogenation reaction of the decomposition product without promoting secondary vaporization and / or decomposition reactions.;The process of the present invention includes an improved process for refining a carbonaceous material containing volatiles to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product by means of a short residence time hydro disproportionation reaction. The method considers a heating step of rapidly heating volatile-containing carbonaceous particles to a volatile temperature effective to produce decomposition and volatile products at a rate effective to minimize condensation and charcoal formation. The decomposed product is contacted with a hydrogen donor-containing gas atmosphere at a hydrogenation temperature to undergo decomposition and hydrogen camping of the volatilized material. Hydrogenation is achieved with a residence time effective to complete the hydrogenation of the fragments. The hydrogenated material is then cooled to a stabilization temperature below the reaction temperature to prevent degradation of the liquid product into the gas by thermal hydrocracking.;The heating rate in the heating step is to optimize the decomposition reaction rate. Contact of the volatilized material with a large amount of hydrogen donor gas reducing atmosphere is carried out under hydrogenated conditions of the decomposed volatile material.;In a preferred embodiment, a large amount of hydrogen donor-containing gas reducing atmosphere is obtained from the carbonaceous material in substantial portions. In one embodiment, the hydrogen donor high content gas and / or hydrogen is present in the HDP mixed gas. In another embodiment, the atmosphere containing a large amount of hydrogen donor is used as the first cooling stream to reduce to temperatures below the decomposition temperature and to the hydrogenation temperature. According to another preferred embodiment, the hydrogenation material is further cooled to stabilize, ie to prevent further hydrocracking and / or condensation of the liquid.;In another embodiment, the hydrocarbon-containing cracked steam from the hydro disproportionation reaction is partially cooled to the hydrogenation temperature by contacting the steam with the steaming component which is recovered from the hydrocarbon vapor and recycled in the presence of a large amount of hydrogen donor gas reducing atmosphere. This initial cooling, in addition to reducing the temperature of the cracked steam, increases the temperature of the steam to a temperature high enough to thermally crack the steam via diesel. Preferably, the temperature of the steam is reduced to a stabilization temperature using a second cooling medium which may comprise water recovered from the hydrocarbon vapor and circulating light oil. In a very preferred embodiment, a partial oxidation reactor is used to generate a gas atmosphere containing a large amount of heat and hydrogen donor for volatilization / decomposition.;In another embodiment, the use of a short residence time reaction produces more hydrocarbon liquid by producing petroleum substitutes and chemical feedstocks at lower pressures and higher volatilization temperatures with faster heating rates without causing incidental gas generation and / or condensation reactions. Let's do it.;In another embodiment, the catalyst is introduced with feed coal or intermediate cooling gas to increase the liquid hydrocarbon yield and to obtain a good halogenated oil product.;In another embodiment, the catalyst may be introduced or mixed with the partially hydrogenated hydrocarbon bottom stream of the charcoal separator at a temperature and residence time effective for further hydrogenation. Preferably, the reaction product from the liquefaction is cooled to the hydrogenation temperature using hydrogen or a hydrogen containing gas. The hydrogen-rich vapor and the hydrogenation temperature provide conditions ideal for catalytic hydrogenation of liquid hydrocarbons.;In another embodiment, a liquefaction reactor containing methane or a large amount of methane containing other light hydrocarbons in an amount effective to delay the formation of methane and other light hydrocarbons from the carbonaceous feedstock with the carbonaceous feed material or with the hot feed gas. Can be introduced in Short residence time The addition of methane in the reactor significantly reduces the conversion of hydrocarbon feedstock to methane and increases the liquid hydrocarbon yield, thus significantly reducing hydrogen consumption.