The present invention relates to a nonlinear optical polybenzoxazole represented by the following general formula (1) as a polymer having new secondary nonlinear optical activity available in an optical modulator, an optical switch. The secondary nonlinear optical polybenzoxazoles of the present invention have excellent heat resistance, high glass transition temperature, and electrooptic coefficient with excellent thermal stability.;Wherein R represents a -C (CN) = C (CN) 2 or -N = N-Ph-NO 2 group, and n is in the range 10n1000.
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