3 to examine a diamond, the diamond 3 is irradiated with a beam 2 of broad essentially monochromatic X-rays, slightly non-parallel, the diamond 3 is rotated on a pivot about an axis normal to the beam axis irradiating 2, and 7 a coaxial annular beam 2 irradiating the detector is used to detect the number and / or the angular position of the ray from the pivot 9 diffratés diamond 3 on the arc of 180 degree C coaxial to the beam 2 irradiating. On the basis of the number of diffracted rays 9, it is detected if the network orientation error and / or on the basis of the diffracted ray of the 9-, one determines the orientation of crystal lattice with respect to the axis of rotation.
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